We are a team of scientists exploring how bacteria defend themselves against  the viruses that infect them: the bacteriophages. Our primary interest is to discover new mechanisms in antiviral immunity, bacterial physiology, and phage virology. The goal is to make basic scientific discoveries and then translate our findings to advance human health, agriculture, and scientific discovery. We take a broad approach using bacteriology, genetics, biochemistry, cellular imaging, bioinformatics, and structural biology to explore these phenomena.